Instead of panning and zooming, for example, our system creates additional views, leaving display contents intact and thus supporting users in preserving their spatial memory. The system's software then trades in this space in order to minimize screen updates. The foundation of our system is a large tactile display (140x100cm, 23x larger than Hyperbraille), which we achieve by using a 3D printer to print raised lines of filament. We present a tactile display system designed with this goal in mind. Making display contents persist, we argue, is thus the highest priority in designing a sensemaking system for the visually impaired. Even worse, any update to the displayed content invalidates their spatial memory, which can force them to manually rescan the entire display. Finally, the paper includes two tables summarizing the characteristics and features of the most representative wearable haptic systems for the fingertip and the hand.įor visually impaired users, making sense of spatial information is difficult as they have to scan and memorize content before being able to analyze it.

The paper also discusses the main technological and design challenges for the development of wearable haptic interfaces, and it reports on the future perspectives of the field. This paper presents a taxonomy and review of wearable haptic systems for the fingertip and the hand, focusing on those systems directly addressing wearability challenges. Wearable haptic interfaces are capable of communicating with the human wearers during their interaction with the environment they share, in a natural and yet private way. The wearability of haptic systems enables novel forms of communication, cooperation, and integration between humans and machines. However, only recently, haptic systems have started to be designed with wearability in mind.

In the last decade, we have witnessed a drastic change in the form factor of audio and vision technologies, from heavy and grounded machines to lightweight devices that naturally fit our bodies.

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